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IAPP CIPP/E 認定試験は、EU 内で活動する組織や EU 市民の個人データを扱う組織で働くプライバシーの専門家にとって、必須の認定試験です。この認証は、個人の知識と理解力を示し、特に GDPR に関する欧州のデータ保護法や規制についての専門知識を示す優れたキャリアアップの方法です。
IAPP CIPP-E（Certified Information Privacy Professional / Europe）試験は、ヨーロッパのデータ保護とプライバシーの分野で働く専門家向けの認定試験です。この試験は、最大かつ包括的なグローバル情報プライバシーコミュニティである国際プライバシープロフェッショナル協会（IAPP）によって実施されます。
IAPP CIPP-E（Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe）試験は、欧州のプライバシー法と規制における専門知識を証明したい専門家向けのグローバルに認知された認定試験です。この試験は、一般データ保護規則（GDPR）および欧州連合に特化した他のデータ保護法規についての候補者の知識と理解をテストするために設計されています。CIPP-E認定は、候補者がプライバシーとデータ保護の基準を維持することにコミットしていることを示すため、世界中の雇用主や組織に高く評価されています。
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IAPP Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe (CIPP/E) 認定 CIPP-E 試験問題 (Q123-Q128):
質問 # 123
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Dynaroux Fashion ('Dynaroux') is a successful international online clothing retailer that employs approximately 650 people at its headquarters based in Dublin, Ireland. Ronan is their recently appointed data protection officer, who oversees the company's compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other privacy legislation.
The company offers both male and female clothing lines across all age demographics, including children. In doing so, the company processes large amounts of information about such customers, including preferences and sensitive financial information such as credit card and bank account numbers.
In an aggressive bid to build revenue growth, Jonas, the CEO, tells Ronan that the company is launching a new mobile app and loyalty scheme that puts significant emphasis on profiling the company's customers by analyzing their purchases. Ronan tells the CEO that: (a) the potential risks of such activities means that Dynaroux needs to carry out a data protection impact assessment to assess this new venture and its privacy implications; and (b) where the results of this assessment indicate a high risk in the absence of appropriate protection measures, Dynaroux may have to undertake a prior consultation with the Irish Data Protection Commissioner before implementing the app and loyalty scheme.
Jonas tells Ronan that he is not happy about the prospect of having to directly engage with a supervisory authority and having to disclose details of Dynaroux's business plan and associated processing activities.
Which of the following facts about Dynaroux would trigger a data protection impact assessment under the GDPR?
- A. The company intends to shift their business model to rely more heavily on online shopping.
- B. The company will be undertaking processing activities involving sensitive data categories such as financial and children's data.
- C. The company plans to undertake profiling of its customers through analysis of their purchasing patterns.
- D. The company employs approximately 650 people and will therefore be carrying out extensive processing activities.
正解：C
解説：
According to the Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 14, "the GDPR requires controllers to carry out a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) prior to processing where a type of processing, in particular using new technologies, and taking into account the nature, scope, context and purposes of the processing, is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons." The GDPR also provides a list of examples of processing operations that require a DPIA, such as "a systematic and extensive evaluation of personal aspects relating to natural persons which is based on automated processing, including profiling, and on which decisions are based that produce legal effects concerning the natural person or similarly significantly affect the natural person" (Article 35(3)(a)). Therefore, the fact that Dynaroux plans to undertake profiling of its customers through analysis of their purchasing patterns would trigger a DPIA under the GDPR, as it involves a systematic and extensive evaluation of personal aspects based on automated processing that may significantly affect the customers. The other options are not necessarily cases where a DPIA is required, although they may involve other obligations under the GDPR, such as obtaining a valid legal basis, providing adequate safeguards, or informing the data subjects. Reference:
Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 14
GDPR, Article 35
質問 # 124
When would a data subject NOT be able to exercise the right to portability?
- A. When the data was supplied to the controller by the data subject.
- B. When the processing is carried out pursuant to a contract with the data subject.
- C. When the processing is necessary to perform a task in the exercise of authority vested in the controller.
- D. When the processing is based on consent.
正解：C
解説：
The right to data portability only applies when the processing is based on the data subject's consent or on a contract with the data subject12. Therefore, if the processing is necessary for a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller, the right to data portability does not apply12. This is because the data subject does not have a direct influence on the purpose or the means of the processing in such cases3. References: 1: Article 20 of the GDPR 2: Right to data portability | ICO 3: The right to data portability (Article 20 of the GDPR)
質問 # 125
Which aspect of the GDPR will likely have the most impact on the consistent implementation of data protection laws throughout the European Union?
- A. That it makes appointment of a data protection officer mandatory
- B. That it takes the form of a Regulation as opposed to a Directive
- C. That it makes notification of large-scale data breaches mandatory
- D. That it essentially functions as a one-stop shop mechanism
正解：B
解説：
One of the main differences between a Regulation and a Directive in the EU law is that a Regulation is directly applicable and binding in all EU member states, without the need for national implementing measures, while a Directive sets out the objectives and principles that the member states must achieve, but leaves them the choice of form and methods to transpose it into their national laws. Therefore, by taking the form of a Regulation, the GDPR aims to harmonize and unify the data protection rules across the EU, and to ensure a consistent implementation and enforcement of the data protection laws throughout the EU. The other aspects of the GDPR listed in the question, such as the one-stop shop mechanism, the mandatory notification of large-scale data breaches, and the mandatory appointment of a data protection officer, are also important features of the GDPR, but they do not have the same impact on the consistency of the data protection laws as the form of a Regulation.
References: Difference between A Regulation And Directive (European Law)1; EUR-Lex - 310401_2 - EN - EUR-Lex2; EU GDPR vs. European Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC - Advisera3; Difference between GDPR and Data Protection Directive - Profolus
質問 # 126
Which institution has the power to adopt findings that confirm the adequacy of the data protection level in a non-EU country?
- A. The Article 29 Working Party
- B. The European Parliament
- C. The European Council
- D. The European Commission
正解：D
質問 # 127
What was the main failing of Convention 108 that led to the creation of the Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC)?
- A. Its penalties for violations of data protection rights were widely viewed as r sufficient.
- B. It was implemented in a fragmented manner by a small number of states.
- C. IT did not account for the rapid growth of the Internet
- D. It did not include protections for sensitive personal data
正解：A
質問 # 128
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